In the manufacturing process of titanium alloy molds, the smoothing and mirror-finishing of parts after shaping are referred to as surface grinding and polishing, which are critical processes for improving mold quality. Mastering appropriate polishing methods can enhance the quality and service life of titanium alloy molds, thereby improving product quality. Today, I'd like to share some relevant knowledge about the polishing of titanium alloy target materials.
Common Polishing Methods for Titanium Alloy Targets and Their Working Principles
1. Mechanical Polishing of Titanium Alloy Targets
Mechanical polishing is a method that removes protrusions from the workpiece surface through cutting or plastic deformation to achieve a smooth finish. It typically involves the use of oilstone bars, wool wheels, sandpaper, and other tools, and is primarily performed manually. For applications requiring high surface quality, superfinishing can be employed. Superfinishing involves using a specially designed tool that is pressed firmly against the workpiece's surface and rotated at high speed in a polishing slurry containing abrasives. This technique can achieve a surface roughness of Ra 0.008 μm, making it one of the most effective methods for achieving fine surface finishes. It is commonly used for optical lens molds. Mechanical polishing is the primary method for polishing molds.
2. Chemical Polishing of Titanium Alloy Targets
Chemical polishing involves immersing the material in a chemical medium where the microscopically protruding parts of the surface dissolve preferentially over the recessed parts, thereby producing a smooth surface. This method can polish workpieces with complex shapes and process multiple workpieces simultaneously, making it highly efficient. The surface roughness achieved through chemical polishing is generally Ra 10 μm.
3. Electrolytic Polishing of Titanium Alloy Targets
The basic principle of electrolytic polishing is the same as that of chemical polishing: it relies on the selective dissolution of microscopic protrusions on the material's surface to achieve a smooth finish. Compared to chemical polishing, it eliminates the effects of cathodic reactions, resulting in better results.
4. Ultrasonic Polishing of Titanium Alloy Targets
Ultrasonic polishing is a machining method that utilizes ultrasonic vibrations of a tool's cross-section to polish brittle and hard materials using an abrasive suspension. The workpiece is placed in the abrasive suspension and positioned within an ultrasonic field; the oscillatory action of the ultrasonic waves causes the abrasives to grind and polish the workpiece surface. Ultrasonic machining exerts minimal macroscopic force and does not cause workpiece deformation, but the fabrication and installation of the tooling are relatively difficult.
5. Fluid Polishing of Titanium Alloy Targets
Fluid polishing achieves the polishing effect by using a flowing liquid and the abrasive particles it carries to scour the workpiece surface. Hydrodynamic grinding is hydraulically driven; the medium primarily consists of a special compound (polymer-like substance) with good flow properties at low pressures, mixed with abrasive particles. Silicon carbide powder can be used as the abrasive.
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