Analysis Of The Difficulties in Hot Forming Gr5 Titanium Alloy Bars

Dec 17, 2025

The geometric accuracy deviation of titanium alloy bars is mainly caused by the repeated elastic action of the material. Hot forming of titanium alloy bars is difficult due to their poor plasticity, high deformation resistance, and severe springback, resulting in low geometric accuracy.

Hot forming of titanium alloy bars significantly reduces distortion and springback in the formed parts due to the high temperature effect on the material's softening ratio; however, springback cannot be completely eliminated. Examples include resistance heating drop forming or punch forming of titanium alloy bars. Because parts still exhibit some springback after hot forming, their geometric accuracy does not meet quality requirements, necessitating arduous manual finishing.

Gr5 titanium alloy possesses a series of advantages, including excellent corrosion resistance, low density, high specific strength, and good toughness and weldability, leading to successful applications in aerospace, petrochemical, shipbuilding, automotive, and pharmaceutical industries. During the hot forming process, TC4 titanium alloy develops an oxide scale on its surface. The color of this scale varies depending on the hot forming temperature. At approximately 600℃, the scale is blue; at approximately 850℃, it is grayish-red; and at 900℃, it is gray. The difficulty of removing the scale increases with increasing temperature. Domestically and internationally, the removal of oxide scale from titanium alloys mostly employs a two-step method: first, molten alkaline washing, followed by acid washing. However, the molten alkaline washing medium has a high temperature, reaching approximately 450℃, and easily causes premature aging strengthening of α+β and β titanium alloy semi-finished products, making further processing difficult. Furthermore, cleaning with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid after hot alkaline washing may lead to hydrogen embrittlement corrosion of the titanium alloy surface.

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