Gr16 Ti-0.05Pd Titanium Bar

 

Gr16 titanium bar (ASTM Grade 16, corresponding to UNS R52402) is an α-type titanium alloy containing trace amounts of palladium (Pd). It is made by adding a very low content of palladium (0.04%-0.08%) to industrial pure titanium (CP Ti) to achieve excellent corrosion resistance similar to high-palladium titanium alloys (such as Gr7) at a relatively low cost.

 

 

1. Core Definition and Status

Definition: Gr16 is a grade in the American ASTM standard, belonging to low-palladium titanium alloys.

Positioning: It is a "corrosion-resistant enhanced version" of **Gr2 (industrial pure titanium)**, and also an "economical alternative" to Gr7 (0.12-0.25% Pd).

2. Chemical Composition Characteristics

The chemical composition of Gr16 is very similar to Gr2, the only key difference being the addition of **palladium (Pd)**.

Matrix: Titanium (Ti) balance.

Alloying element: Palladium (Pd): 0.04% - 0.08%.

Function: This is a remarkable "special effect element." Even in extremely low concentrations, it can significantly reduce the corrosion potential of titanium in reducing acid environments, promote the self-repair of the surface oxide film, and thus greatly improve resistance to crevice corrosion and pitting corrosion.

Impurity Control: Similar to Gr2, there are strict limits on oxygen, iron, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen to ensure its good plasticity and toughness.

 

 

• Titanium (Ti) : Balance; Base metal
• Pd： 0.04-0.08 Core corrosion-resistant element, promotes passivation film self-repair, and enhances resistance to reducing acids.
• Iron (Fe)： ≤0.30 Impurity element, control content to prevent decreased plasticity.
• Oxygen (O)： ≤0.25 Interstitial element, small amounts improve strength, excessive amounts affect plasticity.
• Carbon (C)： ≤0.08 Impurity element, control content to prevent increased embrittlement.
• Nitrogen (N)： ≤0.03 Impurity element, strictly control to prevent decreased plasticity.
• Hydrogen (H) ：≤0.015 Strictly control to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
• Other elements (single)： ≤0.10 Total impurity control.
• Other elements (total)： ≤0.40 Total impurity control.

 

 

Mechanical properties: in accordance with ASTM B348, annealed condition, room temperature

• Tensile Strength (UTS) MPa: ≥345 370-400 Comparable to GR2/GR7
• Yield Strength (Rp0.2) MPa: ≥275 300-340 Plasticity suitable for molding requirements
• Elongation (δ) % ≥20:            22-25 Good plasticity, easy for cold working
• Reduction of Area (Z) %:      ≥30 32-35 Good compatibility with molding and welding
• Burlnell Hardness (HB):       ≤280 Approximately 150-180 Moderate hardness, good machinability

 

 

Performance Characteristics Summary:

Corrosion Resistance: The presence of Pd makes its corrosion resistance in reducing acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, as well as chlorine-containing media, far superior to ordinary pure titanium (such as GR2). It exhibits outstanding resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.

Mechanical Properties: Strength comparable to GR2/GR7, good plasticity, excellent cold working and welding properties, and weld corrosion resistance matching that of the base material.

Applications: Corrosion-resistant components in reducing acids and high-temperature chlorine-containing media, such as heat exchangers, pipes, and containers, used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and marine engineering industries.

 

 

Core advantage----Corrosion resistance

It exhibits significantly superior performance compared to ordinary pure titanium (Gr1/Gr2/Gr3) in the following environments:
Reducing acids: Gr16 remains stable in dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, while ordinary pure titanium corrodes severely.
Chlorine-containing environments: It demonstrates extremely strong resistance to crevice corrosion in seawater, brine, and chloride solutions.

Comparison with Gr7: Gr16's corrosion resistance is slightly lower than Gr7 (high palladium), but in most non-extremely harsh industrial environments, Gr16 performs exceptionally well and offers better value for money.

 

 

Gr16 titanium rods are primarily used in applications requiring high corrosion resistance but not extreme strength requirements:

• Chemical and Petrochemical Industries: Manufacturing heat exchangers, condensers, reactor linings, and piping systems.
• Hydrometallurgy: Electrode and piping for electrolytic cells used in the extraction of metals such as nickel and cobalt.
• Pharmaceutical Industry: Due to the beneficial catalytic effect of palladium in the synthesis of certain drugs, and its high purity, it is commonly used in pharmaceutical equipment.
• Marine Engineering: Seawater desalination equipment and ship piping systems.
• Special Applications: In cost-sensitive marine or acidic environments where ordinary pure titanium cannot be used.

 

 

** Better than Gr2: Longer lifespan and lower maintenance costs in chlorine-containing and acidic environments.

** Cheaper than Gr7: Palladium content is only about half that of Gr7, significantly reducing raw material costs.

** Easier to process than Gr5: Easier to shape and weld than TC4, resulting in lower processing costs.

 

 

 

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