brief introduction
Cold-drawn GR5 titanium alloy tubes, with a base material of Ti-6Al-4V, are the most widely used α+β type duplex titanium alloy globally, and are known as the "mainstay grade" of titanium alloys in industry. The product is made from seamless tube blanks through room-temperature cold drawing and plastic processing. Its core characteristics are high dimensional accuracy, good surface finish, and uniform mechanical properties, making it a mainstream titanium tube product for precision applications.
core chemical components
GR5 is a medium-strength α+β type duplex titanium alloy. Its nominal composition is Ti-6Al-4V, and the core elements are controlled as follows (by weight percentage):
Aluminum (Al): 5.5%~6.8%, stabilizes the α phase, improves high-temperature strength and thermal strength.
Vanadium (V): 3.5%~4.5%, stabilizes the β phase, improves room-temperature plasticity and cold-working formability.
Matrix:
Titanium (Ti) as the balance.
Impurity control:
Oxygen ≤0.20%,
Iron ≤0.25%,
Carbon ≤0.08%,
Nitrogen ≤0.05%,
Hydrogen ≤0.015%;
the content of interstitial elements directly affects the material's toughness, fatigue life, and crack resistance.
Production process
Cold drawing is a hallmark forming process for precision titanium alloy tubes. Unlike the high-temperature forming of hot-rolled/extruded tubes, it achieves dimensional reduction entirely through plastic deformation. The core process and characteristics are as follows:
**Burden Preparation:** High-purity ingots are prepared using vacuum arc remelting (VAR), then hot-extruded or hot-rolled into seamless rough tubes. Surface cracks, folds, and other defects are removed by grinding.
Multi-pass Cold Drawing: The drawing passes are designed according to the finished product specifications. The diameter and wall thickness are reduced sequentially through high-precision cemented carbide dies. Vacuum stress-relief annealing is performed after every 2-3 passes to eliminate work hardening and prevent cracking during subsequent drawing.
Finished Product Heat Treatment: The standard industrial supply condition is full annealing (slow cooling after vacuum holding at 700-800℃) to ensure uniform and stable mechanical properties. For applications requiring high hardness, solution aging treatment can be customized to further enhance strength.
Finishing and Surface Treatment: Precision straightening and length cutting are performed. Surface treatments include pickling to remove oxide scale, bright annealing, and mechanical polishing.
The core advantages of cold drawing over hot rolling/extrusion are: Higher dimensional accuracy, making it the only mass production process for small-diameter, thin-walled precision titanium tubes; Surface finish of inner and outer walls can reach Ra1.6~3.2μm, reducing fluid resistance and minimizing corrosion risks; Continuous and complete metal flow lines along the tube axis, resulting in uniform axial mechanical properties and superior fatigue resistance compared to hot-rolled tubes; Customizable square, elliptical, and other irregular cross-section tubes to meet specific assembly requirements.
physical properties
Density: 4.43 g/cm³, only 57% of carbon steel, resulting in significant weight reduction;
Melting point: Approximately 1660℃, exhibiting good high-temperature structural stability;
Thermal conductivity: 6.7 W/(m・K), lower than 304 stainless steel;
Coefficient of linear expansion: 8.6×10⁻⁶ /K (20~400℃), approximately half that of stainless steel, resulting in minimal dimensional deformation under temperature fluctuations;
Elastic modulus: 110~114 GPa, approximately half that of steel, allowing for greater elastic deformation under stress;
Long-term operating temperature: -100℃~400℃, short-term tolerance to 550℃;
Non-brittle at low temperatures, suitable for cryogenic applications;
Completely non-magnetic, allowing stable use in MRI and strong electromagnetic environments.
Standard specifications and tolerances
Cold-drawn GR5 titanium alloy tubes are characterized by their small diameter and thin-walled precision, with tolerances far exceeding those of hot-rolled tubes.
1. General Size Range
Outer Diameter: φ3 mm ~ φ110 mm
Wall Thickness: 0.2 mm ~ 4.5 mm
Length: Standard length 1~6m, custom lengths available
2. Dimensional tolerances
| Outer diameter range (mm) | Outer diameter tolerance (mm) | Wall thickness tolerance |
| 3~10 | ±0.15 | ±12.5% of nominal wall thickness |
| ＞10~30 | ±0.30 | ±12.5% of nominal wall thickness |
| ＞30~50 | ±0.50 | ±12.5% of nominal wall thickness |
| ＞50~80 | ±0.65 | ±12.5% of nominal wall thickness |
High-precision customized: Higher precision can be customized for precision scenarios such as aerospace and medical. The outer diameter/inner diameter tolerance can be controlled within ±0.05mm, straightness ≤0.5mm/m, and roundness ≤0.03mm.
Main application areas
- Aerospace and Defense: Aircraft hydraulic system piping, fuel delivery pipes, fuselage structural components, and engine oil guides, achieving structural weight reduction through high specific strength, thereby increasing aircraft payload and range.
- Medical and Healthcare: Orthopedic implant cannulas, dental implant bases, surgical instrument catheters, and MRI equipment piping, utilizing excellent biocompatibility and non-magnetic properties.
- Chemical and Energy: Shell-and-tube heat exchangers, reactor coils, and corrosive media transport pipelines, suitable for highly corrosive environments such as chlor-alkali plants, seawater desalination plants, and nuclear power plants.
- Marine Engineering: Seawater cooling systems, underwater exploration equipment piping, and offshore platform components, resistant to corrosion even after long-term seawater immersion.
- High-End Equipment and Sports: High-performance bicycle frame tubing, racing car exhaust systems, and precision instrument gas/hydraulic components, balancing lightweight design with structural strength.
Products showcase of Cold draw Grade 5 titanium alloy pipe
Supply and quality inspection
- Routine testing items: chemical composition spectral analysis, room temperature mechanical property testing, water/air pressure sealing test, ultrasonic testing (UT), eddy current testing (ET), dimensional inspection and surface appearance inspection;
- Supply status: Default annealed state (M), cold-worked state (Y) and solution-aged state can be provided upon request;
- Surface condition: pickled surface, bright annealed, mechanical polishing, etc. are optional.
how to contact us?
E-mail: garychen3215@hotmail.com
Address: No.35, Baoti Rd, Baoji city, Shaanxi Province, China
Contact: Mr. Gary Chen
Phone: +86-917-8883215
Mobile/WhatsApp: +86 13092900605
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